為何蘋果總是如此創新呢？
賈伯斯在iPad發表會上說：原因在於蘋果並不單單是一個科技公司。
Why did Apple think different?
Because, Steve Jobs said while introducing the iPad, the Mac maker was never just a tech company.
“蘋果會創造出iPad這類的產品就是因為我們致力于科技與藝術的結合“
也是因為賈伯斯他對人性的熱情與研究使得蘋果更加人性化。
靠結合科技與藝術兩者，賈伯斯說蘋果因而可以”從科技面來說創造出最尖端的產品，但同時也讓產品能符合使用者直覺、好使用、又有趣以符合消費者真正需求。“
賈伯斯透過閱讀的習慣，創造出他獨特的觀點。根據Walter Isaacson為賈伯斯寫的自傳及其他相關資料，我們整理了影響他最大的書單。
"The reason that Apple is able to create products like the iPad is because we've always tried to be at the intersection of technology and the liberal arts," he said.
Jobs' lifelong interest in the humanities gave Apple a human touch.
By combining tech and the liberal arts, Jobs said that Apple was able to "to make extremely advanced products from a technology point of view, but also have them be intuitive, easy-to-use, fun-to-use, so that they really fit the users."
Jobs arrived at that perspective through a lifetime of reading, as reviewed in Walter Isaacson's biography and other places. We've put together a list of the books that most affected him.
1. <李爾王> - 莎士比亞著
賈伯斯在高中的最後兩年開始了對文學的興趣。
他告訴Isaacson“我開始大量的聽音樂，並且開始閱讀科學與科技之外的書，像莎士比亞、柏拉圖等。我很喜歡李爾王這本書”
這本書也提醒了年輕的賈伯斯一個帝王如何瘋掉，最終毀滅他自己王國的故事。
How to Think Like Steve Jobs的作者Daniel Smith說“李爾王這本書提供了一個借鏡，當一個國王沒掌控好自己王國的時候的故事。而這樣的故事當然會影響所有的CEO”
Jobs really began his literary bent in the last two years of high school.
"I started to listen to music a whole lot," he tells Isaacson, "and I started to read more outside of just science and technology — Shakespeare, Plato. I loved 'King Lear.'"
The tragedy may have provided a cautionary tale to a young Jobs, since it's the story of an aged monarch going crazy trying to divide up his kingdom.
"'King Lear' offers a vivid depiction of what can go wrong if you lose your grip on your empire, a story surely fascinating to any aspiring CEO," says Daniel Smith, author of "How to Think Like Steve Jobs."
2.<白鯨記>-赫爾曼·梅爾維爾著
另一個影響賈伯斯青年時期的世界名著就是赫爾曼·梅爾維爾的著作白鯨記。
Isaacson將書中的船長亞哈與賈伯斯相比。船長亞哈與賈伯斯同樣重視從過往的經驗去學習，而不是依靠直覺行事。
白鯨記中船長就說到“我從捕鯨的經驗中學習，這樣的過程有如在耶魯與哈佛求學。”
Another epic story colored Jobs' outlook in his adolescence: "Moby Dick," the deeply American novel by Herman Melville.
Isaacson draws a connection between Captain Ahab, who's one of the most driven and willful characters in literature, and Jobs.
Ahab, like Jobs, did lots of his learning from direct experience, rather than relying on institutions.
"I prospectively ascribe all the honour and the glory to whaling," the captain writes early in the story, "for a whale-ship was my Yale College and my Harvard."
3. 狄蘭·托馬斯詩集
'The Collected Poems of Dylan Thomas' by Dylan Thomas
高中後期賈伯斯的大量學習閱讀期間，他同時也發展了對詩的喜愛。尤其是狄蘭·托馬斯詩集。
How to Think Like Steve Jobs的作者Daniel Smith說托馬斯的詩刻劃出賈伯斯對創新及精準的要求。
”別溫馴地步入美好的夜“這首詩是他最喜歡的詩。
別溫馴地步入美好的夜，
晚年應在遲暮時燃燒並咆哮；
憤怒，憤怒地抗拒瀕死光焰。
縱然智者在大限時知悉黑暗合乎倫常，
因他們的語言再也無法叉出雷電，他們
拒絕溫馴地步入美好的夜。
行善者，在最後的浪潮旁，泣訴曾如此璀璨光明，
他們翩舞於綠色海灣的脆弱言行，
憤怒，憤怒地抗拒瀕死光焰。
But the intellectual flowering that Jobs had in late high school wasn't confined to hard-charging megalomaniacs — he also discovered a love for verse, particularly Welsh poet Dylan Thomas.
"How To Think Like Steve Jobs" author Daniel Smith says that Thomas' poems "drew him in with its striking new forms and unerringly popular touch."
"Do not go gentle" became a reported favorite:
Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.
4. <活在當下>_達斯
'Be Here Now' by Ram Dass
1972下半年，賈伯斯開始了在Reed College的求學之路。Reed College是在波特蘭奧勒岡州在藝術方面頗負盛名的大學。也在那時候起，賈伯斯開始了LSD毒品的依賴與大量閱讀心靈方面的書籍。
<活在當下>是一本達斯寫如何靜坐的書，這本書影響賈伯斯許多。出生於Richard Alpert的達斯曾說這本書是他個人與南亞洲相遇的形而上學：
雖然說我才剛開始我的打坐之路，我在回到西方社會後就已經開始了關於因果報應及對承諾的修煉。部分我的承諾是要與跟我在同樣修煉道路上的人分享我的經驗....我們每個人都會找到自己值得與別人分享的智慧。
對我來說，這本書不單是與別人分享修煉心得的媒介，也是對生活的信念分享。
賈伯斯說"這本書非常的深奧，他改變了我及許多身邊的朋友。"
In late 1972, Jobs had just started at Reed College, an elite liberal arts school in Portland, Oregon. He started doing lots of LSD and reading lots of books about spirituality.
"Be Here Now," a guide to meditation by Ram Dass, affected Jobs greatly. Born Richard Alpert, the book is an account of Dass' encounters with South Asian metaphysics:
Now, though I am a beginner on the path, I have returned to the West for a time to work out karma or unfulfilled commitment. Part of this commitment is to share what I have learned with those of you who are on a similar journey ... Each of us finds his unique vehicle for sharing with others his bit of wisdom.
For me, this story is but a vehicle for sharing with you the true message, the living faith in what is possible.
"It was profound," Jobs said. "It transformed me and many of my friends."
5. <一座小行星的新飲食法>_法蘭西斯拉佩著
'Diet for a Small Planet' by Frances Moore Lappe
在Reed就學的第一年，賈伯斯閱讀到了這本熱賣三百萬本的書，這本書說明如何吃素同時獲得足夠的蛋白質。
這本書對賈伯斯來說大為震撼。
“也就是那時候起我開始大量減少肉類的攝取”賈伯斯這麼告訴Isaacson。
這本書也帶給賈伯斯另一個影響：這使他更願意嘗試各種極端的飲食方式，例如禁食等。
In that first year at Reed, Jobs also read "Diet for a Small Planet," a book about protein-rich vegetarianism that went on to sell 3 million copies.
It was a breakthrough.
"That's when I pretty much swore off meat for good," Jobs told Isaacson.
The book had another effect on Jobs — it gave him permission to experiment with extreme diets like purging or fasting.
6. 'Mucusless Diet Healing System' by Arnold Ehret
在閱讀完德國飲食作者Arnold Ehret的著作，賈伯斯開始採取再更激進的飲食法。Arnold Ehret採取一種類似"間歇性的果汁斷食法"
“我完全被這種飲食法吸引”賈伯斯這樣告訴Isaacson。
在知道這樣的飲食法之後，賈伯斯開始變成非常注重飲食的營養。他曾經整個星期只吃胡蘿蔔，甚至他的皮膚呈現橘色。
不過請不要自己嘗試這樣的飲食法。演員Ashton Kutcher在準備拍賈伯斯電影時曾經嘗試這種全水果的飲食方式，結果他被送醫院去了！
But Jobs' diet grew more adventurous after reading "Mucusless Diet Healing System" by early-20th-century German dietitian Arnold Ehret, a guy who recommends practices like "intermittent juice fasting."
"I got into it in my typical nutso way," Jobs tells Isaacson.
After getting to know Ehret's work, Jobs became something of a nutritional extremist, subsisting on carrots for weeks at a time — to the point that his skin reportedly started turning orange.
But don't try this at home: Ashton Kutcher tried the all-fruit diet while prepping for his role as Steve Jobs, and it landed him in the hospital.
7. 尤迦南達自傳
'Autobiography of a Yogi' by Paramahansa Yogananda
賈伯斯在高中時期讀了這本書。之後他人在印度喜馬拉雅山山緣邊的小旅館又讀了一次這本書。
賈伯斯解釋道：
剛好在那裏有一本前面旅客留下來又是英文版的這本書，我也就反覆讀了很多次，因為在那邊也沒別的事情可以做。所以我在這趟旅途中走過一個又一個的村莊，同時也在痢疾中康復。
與痢疾不同的是，這本書持續在賈伯斯生活之中存在。他每年都重複讀一次這本書。
Jobs read "Autobiography of a Yogi" by Indian yoga guru Paramahansa Yogananda when he was in high school.
Then he reread it while he stayed at a guesthouse in the foothills of the Himalayas in India.
Jobs explained:
There was a copy there of "Autobiography of a Yogi" in English that a previous traveler had left, and I read it several times, because there was not a lot to do, and I walked around the village to village and recovered from my dysentery.
Unlike the sickness, the book remained a major part of Jobs' life. He reread it every year.
8.<禪者的初心>_鈴木俊隆禪師
' Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind' by Shunryu Suzuki
在印度旅行後，賈伯斯對打坐的興趣持續增長。部分歸功於地理位置，1970年代佛教禪學等從加州開始登陸美國，而賈伯斯也因此去上了鈴木俊隆禪師的課程，也接觸到了他這本書。
就像其他興趣一樣，賈伯斯沈迷於禪學。
“他變得十分嚴肅、自大、而且很難讓人忍受。”賈伯斯那時候的好朋友Daniel Kottke這麼說。
賈伯斯告訴Isaacson”禪學對我的生活從那時候起有了很深遠的影響。我甚至有想要去日本永平寺坐禪修，但是我的精神導師建議我留在加州。“
After Jobs got back from India his interest in meditation continued to flourish. This is partly thanks to geography — 1970s California was the place where Zen Buddhism got its first foothold in America, and Jobs was able to attend classes led by Shunryu Suzuki, the Japanese monk who authored "Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind."
Like everything else, Jobs went hard into Zen.
"He became really serious and self-important and just generally unbearable," says Daniel Kottke, his best friend at the time.
"Zen has been a deep influence in my life ever since," Jobs told Isaacson. "At one point I was thinking about going to Japan and trying to get into the Eihei-ji monastery, but my spiritual advisor urged me to stay here (in California)."
9.<創新者的困境>_克萊頓·克裡斯坦森著
'The Innovator's Dilemma' by Clayton M. Christensen
蘋果常有打破自己定下常規的習慣。舉iPhone為例， 由於它包含許多iPod的功能，也因此使iPod落寞。
歸功於哈佛大學教授Clay Christensen的這本書，賈伯斯了解毀滅過往是成長的必經過程。
這本書說明許多成功的公司如何被自己的成功經驗而走向失敗，因為它們即使科技或是顧客已經改變了，卻仍然堅守者過去成功經驗。例如百視達堅守著ＤＶＤ出租事業。
賈伯斯確保蘋果不會犯同驗的錯誤。他也解釋了為何蘋果要走向雲端：
走向雲端是非常重要的一步。如創新者的困境中說的，創新者往往是最後了解這東西已經過時的人。蘋果絕對不想要做那最後的一個。
Apple made a habit of disrupting itself. The iPhone, for instance, had lots of the features of the iconic iPod, thus rendering the music device obsolete.
Jobs was able to see that that cannibalism was a necessary part of growth, thanks to the "Innovator's Dilemma" by legendary Harvard Business School professor Clay Christensen.
The book posits that companies get ruined by their own success, staying committed to a product even after technology (and customers) move on, like Blockbuster did with physical movie rentals.
Jobs made it clear that the same thing wouldn't happen to Apple, as he said in his explanation of why it needed to embrace cloud computing:
It's imporant that we make this transformation, because of what Clayton Christensen calls "the innovator's dilemma," where people who invent something are usually the last ones to see past it, and we certainly don't want to be left behind.
ＪＬ碎念：
說來害羞，這九本書我居然只看過一本。我決定把這些書全部從圖書館借來看！！
這篇文章翻譯花了我好久時間喔～真長。
喜歡的話給我個讚吧～謝謝<3
原文在這裡: http://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-reading-list-favorite-books-2014-10?op=1#ixzz3GfQHQkHG
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